Heel pain
Decoding heel pain: is it plantar fasciitis or something else?
Heel pain can have various causes, and it's essential to differentiate between them to receive appropriate treatment.
Where it hurts matters
Plantar fasciitis gets the blame for almost every sore heel, and often it is the culprit. But several other structures sit within a few centimetres of each other in the heel, and they cause quite different problems. Pointing to exactly where it hurts, and telling us when it hurts, is usually enough to separate them.
Plantar fasciitis
Pain under the heel, worst with the first steps in the morning or after sitting, easing once you warm up, then returning late in the day. It is tender to press on the inside of the heel where the plantar fascia attaches.
The other common causes
Fat pad irritation gives a deeper, bruised ache directly under the centre of the heel, often in older patients or after a period of hard walking. Achilles and retrocalcaneal problems sit at the back of the heel rather than underneath, and hurt when you push off or when a shoe presses on the area.
Nerve entrapment produces burning, tingling or numbness rather than a sharp local pain, and can radiate into the arch. A stress fracture of the heel bone hurts on both sides when squeezed and gets progressively worse with activity rather than better. In active children and teenagers, pain at the back of the heel is usually Sever's disease, an irritation of the growth plate, which is managed quite differently again.
Why the distinction matters
Each of these responds to a different plan. Stretching and orthoses help a plantar fascia but do little for a fat pad or a stress fracture, and load needs reducing rather than adding. Getting the diagnosis right first is what stops heel pain dragging on for months.
When to have it looked at
If heel pain has lasted more than two weeks, is waking you, is changing shape, or is stopping you walking or training normally, have it assessed. Most heel pain settles well once the right structure is being treated.
Sound familiar?
Have it assessed properly. No referral needed.